Information Technology Act Paper free essay sample

Data Technology Acts Paper Shawanda Donelson BIS/220 March 31, 2012 Jacquelyn Jones Information Technology Acts Paper In the 1990s the Internet got well known, which kids at that point had unaided access. Kids were presented to pornography and other destructive materials. Congress attempted to stop it and put it into law, yet every course it went was resolved as being illegal. To a degree, innovation at long last won. Congress ought not pass a law punishing wholesalers, yet they should pass a law that would influence the individuals who get Federal financing. Erotic entertainment has been around since the 1970s, which was controlled from minors. On December 15, 2000, President Bill Clinton marked into law the Children’s Internet Protection Act. This demonstration puts limitations on getting federals reserves. They should utilize innovation and approaches that channels or obstructs certain material from being Internet open. These little youngsters are being focused on in light of the fact that they don't completely comprehend the perils of utilizing the web improperly. We will compose a custom article test on Data Technology Act Paper or on the other hand any comparative theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Subsequently, if their folks are not taught about the threats of Internet predators it makes it harder to instruct their kids. The Federal Trade Commission gave Congress a report in March 1998, demonstrating that the children’s individual data needed more assurance from programmers and predators. On April 21, 2000, the Children’s Online Privacy Protection Act (COPPA) was placed into law. The demonstration applied to online administrations and business sites focused on the consideration of kids. COPPA law assaults online correspondence which is explicitly unequivocal that needs creative, logical, genuine abstract, or political worth (Child Online Protection Act and Child Online Privacy Protection Act, 2002). Taking everything into account, the principle progression of innovation was the Internet of the two demonstrations, one kept others from gathering data from kids, and the other kept others from sending data to the youngsters. The kind of data that was dispersed was constrained by the improvement of the product innovation. The two laws obstruction were major, not from gathering or sending data yet from individuals who they are attempting to secure. References Children’s Internet Protection Act (CIPA). 2003). In Websters New Worldâ„ ¢ Computer Dictionary. Recovered from http://www. credoreference. com. ezproxy. apollolibrary. com/passage/webstercom/children_s_internet_protection_act_cipaChild Online Protection Act and Child Online Privacy Protection Act. (2002).

Building An Annotated Bibliography Research Paper

Building An Annotated Bibliography - Research Paper Example This announcement gives helpful data to build up the presentation. Critically, it would be utilized in the body of the task to contend against the wrongdoing obstruction impact of the death penalty. Moreover, it offers proof to dishonor those contending for utilization of the death penalty to dissuade wrongdoing because of absence of research. This book gives a wide range of data on wrongdoing and degenerate conduct from a sociological point of view. The creators bolster capital punishment for utilitarian reasons and requital. All things considered, they give contentions of when capital punishment accomplishes more damage than stopping wrongdoing. They back up their contentions with instances of different legal disputes and their results. It would be helpful at the presentation of the task when characterizing the death penalty, its organization and goals. It would likewise be utilized in the body when giving contentions for and against capital punishment as an approach to stop wrongdoing with the proof of outcomes of decisions giving suitable models. This book contends that the view of death being the harshest discipline would sensibly deflect wrongdoing. Lawbreakers carrying out life punishments don't have anything to prevent them from wrongdoing other than the danger of death. Then again, it contends that death penalty leaves the feeble presented to maltreatment from the solid and furthermore brings about social issue, two components which could advance wrongdoing. This book gives a basic premise to placing the death penalty into point of view while building up the presentation. Other than giving foundation data all through the venture, it would be basic in the body of the task to contend for and against the death penalty as an impediment to wrongdoing. This article contends against the death penalty as a hindrance to wrongdoing. It confirms this contention with the perception on the declining number of capital punishments in North Carolina, prompting no capital punishment in 2012. With this decrease, the North Carolina

Marketing Lessons Learned by Analyzing Tai Lopez

Marketing Lessons Learned by Analyzing Tai Lopez When starting a new business or even when you apply for a job in some marketing agency, it is very important that you show your knowledge of, at least, basic marketing concepts that are widely used across the entire world.To really be a successful entrepreneur, you will have to master a lot of skills, not just marketing, but way, way more.But, if you want to sell your product, service or content, you have to be able to communicate with people, to know what they desire in order for you to attract customers to accept your offer.That might sound easier than it is.We can never really know what the person actually desires. We can only make educated assumptions that will prove to be either right or wrong.What we could do is increase our chances of making the right assumptions, by educating ourselves more about the topic in questions and being able to understand how other people feel, put ourselves in their shoes, so we could get a sense of what would our needs be if we were in the same pos ition.That said, you can see why marketing is so important, especially nowadays, in the era of fast-paced businesses where social media and digital marketing, in general, is crucial for the success of any firm.If you are not present online, then you don’t even stand a chance against your competitors.And believe me, there are a lot of them since the competition is global and widespread in almost every field of business.WHO IS TAI LOPEZ?If you are new to digital marketing in general, you may have not heard of Tai Lopez, so let us introduce you to who this man is and why he is so good example of a successful person.We will briefly describe his life, offering his short biography and see how he managed to become as famous as he is now.So, stick with us if you want to find out more!Childhood and Early LifeTai Lopez was born on April 11th, 1977 in Long Beach, California. He was raised by his mother and grandmother, while his father was in jail during his childhood.He showed the great pot ential of being a successful person ever since he was a small boy.At the age of 6, he started selling cherry tomatoes, but seeing how that business wasn’t profitable enough, he decided to make a change and he opened a lemonade stand.That helped him earn much more money for his family because, as you can imagine, it probably wasn’t easy for his grandma and mom to raise a family on their own.Since he lived in an area full of gang activity, it was hard for him to find decent friends, so he usually read books instead.He wanted a better life for himself and his family, so he started to read Aristotle, especially the teachings about how to be happy and have a fulfilled life.His grandfather was a scientist, and you all know how kids feel about scientists, they think they are all-knowing people who have the answers to all the questions.So, what Tai did was ask his grandpa how to have a good life.His grandfather answered him that this modern world is too advanced for him, so he couldn’ t answer him truthfully.He just told him that the world is too big for one person to know everything and that if he wanted to find the answer to his questions, he would have to find people who would lead him to the answer, and people would have to meet during his life.After he gave him that answer, his grandpa left him a box full of books on different topics with a note to read all of that for starters.Tai Lopez tried to go to the college but decide to quit, because he wanted to find the real meaning of Aristotle’s “Good Life”.He has been reading a lot of books and eventually decided to meet the authors of those books, so he managed to save some money by doing smaller jobs.He traveled all across the world, visited 51 countries and managed to meet some of the people he wanted to meet.When he returned to the USA, he decided to live with the Amish and work on their farms for around two years.Business LifeAfter doing some work for the Amish, he decided to quit that job and he move d with his mother because he was broke and didn’t have enough money to rent his own place at the time.He decided not to lean on his mother, but instead, he tried to think of the way to make more money since he only had $47 in his pocket.He didn’t want to live like that anymore and that’s why he decided to change his life.In yellow pages, he searched for the biggest advertisement and found a person who had knowledge about business.He offered to work for free for some time, in exchange for that man teaching him the fundamentals of finance and the ways of conducting business. That was the start of his career.Later on, he worked at GE Capital and managed to become a certified financial planner and investor, with more than twenty multi-million dollars companies on his tail.Apart from that, he also runs “The 67 Steps Program” in order to help young people, who struggle with their own personal business decisions and for those who would want to get a better understanding of “Goo d Life”.Considering all that has been said so far, let us now present the most important marketing lessons Tai Lopez could teach us. MOST IMPORTANT MARKETING LESSONS BY TAI LOPEZ1. Have a Unique Story for Your BrandThe first thing you need to have when thinking about the product you want to make or the service you want to offer to other people is, of course, an interesting story behind that certain product.Almost every successful worldwide brand has a personal story of how it comes to be so popular and wanted.For example, we have IKEA, the furniture retail company that has been made out of the idea that everyone should be able to afford decent quality furniture.That type of story sends the right kind of message to the common folk, telling them how they matter too and that build trust between customers and the company, which is very important in every type of business, because, as we all know, the customer is always right.But, not everyone is lucky enough to have such an interestin g life or even a story about their brand, as Ingvar Kamprad had.That doesn’t mean you should make up your own completely not true stories as well since that is not how honesty in business works.What you could do, instead, is mix some true stories and add some additional flavor, so they become juicier and more interesting to the viewers.Because as wise people say: “Every good story deserves embellishment”.That way, you would have a story about your product or brand that is, at the same time, both true and interesting to the public, which could potentially bring more customers to you, thus, raising your sales and amount of money you have.When your story is noted and memorable, people will recognize your products and even when you launch a new product, they will be more eager to try it out, because of your past reputation and the excitement you offered them with that interesting story about how your brand came to be.2. Be YourselfOne of the best selling points is to be yourself, show the customers who you really are, what are your hobbies, habits, and interests.This is more important when it comes to digital and social media marketing, to people who are using blogs and other internet services to advertise their products and services.But, that doesn’t mean it is not important for everyone else.On the contrary, when people see you for who you really are, you want to present yourself at your best to them, but also show some of the not so happy things, so they could relate themselves to you.When people see that you are just a human being, just like them, they will feel more open to suggestions and willing to try to understand you from time to time, so they would be much eager to accept certain changes in your product line or certain changes on a specific product etc.That’s why it is important to establish healthy customer-relation, so you could have a much easier time introducing new innovations and products.There will always be more traditional people who would want things to remain the same all the time.Yes, by introducing new products, you will probably gain more new customers, but your goal shouldn’t just be to get new customers, but also to keep old ones around, since they are the bulk of your customer population and without them, you would have to basically work from the scratch to get to know new customers and their wishes, which is not an easy task.If you think of yourself to be a good person, then you shouldn’t have any doubts about how you should act in front of your customers.Just let them see you for who you really are and they will recognize the best and the worst in you and eventually relate themselves to you, thus, allowing you to create very stable customer-relations.3. Offer Unique ContentOne really important thing when it comes to growing your business is innovation.If you constantly search for new things that could help you offer a very distinct product or service, you should have fewer issues with maintaining y our business.But what about those of you who don’t have their businesses yet and who cannot decide what to focus on when it comes to starting it?Well, you will not have an easy time to decide that, but let me give you some tips, so you could decide a bit easier.In order for your product or service to be looked upon and even wanted, you need to make it unique, to make it stand out of the crowd because there are a lot of different products out there, so it is getting harder and harder to make unique content, which you could easily sell and enter the market.That’s why you need to conduct a thorough market analysis before you jump into making your own business.Try to find a niche where there aren’t that many different products and try to make unique products on that market.If you find that too hard and almost not possible, you could find a new way to present your content instead of making the entirely new content.Even new type of packaging could sometimes do the trick and pique th e interest of enough people, so don’t hesitate to experiment with that, because it is rather important to start good, in order for a business to flow healthy in the future.4. Don’t Be Afraid to Take Calculated RisksOne thing that every entrepreneur has to learn is how to manage risk related to business.There are 7 billion people on this Earth and a lot of both large and small companies. And everyone, starting from individual people to big companies will face some type of risk.So, we could say that our lives are definitely not riskless.That fact doesn’t need to mean that we should hide in our homes and do nothing for the entirety of our lives.On the contrary, that means we need to learn to manage that risk and cope with it, in order to fulfill our lives with what we want to do.With that said, do not be afraid to take calculated risks.Sometimes potential benefits could overcome our sense of fear and then we would be awarded for taking that risk and not backing down from the figh t.This is particularly important in social media marketing, because it is a large market and there are a lot of competitors around there, so you need to be able to experiment with a lot of new stuff no one else has tried, so you could stand out of the crowd and make yourself visible to other people.That’s why you shouldn’t hesitate to try out some ideas you might have because some of them could turn out to be very fruitful and useful for the advancement of your entire business.Successful entrepreneurs and marketers know this and they are not afraid to be that kind of people, so neither should you if you want to succeed in that line of business.5. Test and Optimize Your ContentAs we have previously mentioned, people who risk tend to get the best rewards if they manage to evade the failure of their investment.But, in some cases, the final product might not give the best possible results, so it could require some tweaking some features so it would become better.So, do not be afraid to do that, to experiment with your products and marketing strategies as well.What you should do is constantly looking for new ways to improve your business, as well as your products in general.When you implement certain changes, make sure to test how they react with already implemented things.If new changes turn out to be a success, then you will find yourself in a very good position, especially if no one else has thought of the same and changed their products as well.But as time progress, other people will probably try to copy your method and know-how, so what once was an innovation, now it will just be a common strategy or feature.That is why you constantly need to look for new ways to improve your business, not stopping even when you find something because as time goes by, things change and you need to be up to date, in order to stay on track with your competitors.6. Branding Your Best QualitiesThis one is probably very important at the very beginnings.Before you choose what fi eld you want to specialize in, you have to do thorough research of, not just the market itself, but the research of yourself and your own abilities.If you don’t want your start-up to fail, you should do this very carefully and try to enter the business by using your own strengths.So, try to avoid starting businesses where you can clearly show your weaknesses because it will probably not go so well.This problem could be resolved by having a competent team that includes people with the skill set which is the complete opposite of yours.That means having people whose strengths are your weaknesses and the other way around.That way you can all complete each other and have a strong position in the company.However, that is not possible all the time, since most entrepreneurs start alone or with a couple of their friends, so it is not common for people to have either enough money to build that kind of team or enough trust in people to do the same.That’s why the only logical way is to star t your own business by measuring your own strengths and weaknesses and deciding which field would suit you the most.Some people are good at one set of things, other people are good at different things, and you just need to find your own way.Beside, when your work is related to something you are good at and you like it, then it is much easier to do that work every day, without making any complaints and without being more psychologically tired of your job than in cases where you have a really bad job, which you don’t like at all. 7. Make Sure to Read Every DayTai Lopez likes to use one very funny sentence, which is that he is reading one book per day and that every person who strives to be a successful entrepreneur should do the same.So, why do you think that is true?Well, people are not born with knowledge.We have to learn everything, from simple muscle movements to words and eventually sentences.Then the school comes, high school, college and eventually university.But, does our se arch for knowledge ends there?Of course not, people should learn throughout their entire lives. Every day we learn something new.And one of the most important learning channels is books.By constantly reading books, we get new information, we learn something new.That is not something which should be taken lightly.Even if you don’t go to college, you could learn a lot by reading on the side, when you have free time.That’s how Tai Lopez became so successful.He read a lot and worked a lot to apply all the knowledge he had previously learned from both books and by working in the financial sector.You can learn basically anything from books nowadays.And a lot of those books are accessible on the internet both for free and for a cheaper price than in bookstores, in case you are the person who doesn’t have too much money to spend on books and would rather want to focus on starting your own business.FINAL WORDWe have come to the end of our presentation and it is now time to present some conclusion that we have discovered, or rather, that Tai Lopez has discovered.The point of his speeches and training is not just that people see how to make money, but they should also see if they are the right people to make money this way.He says that the point of his presentations is that people see what kind of person they are because he claims that not everyone deserves to be an entrepreneur.What he means shouldn’t be taken as an insult, but rather as a compliment.People who are hard-working and who tend to work on themselves and their businesses are the people who deserve to be rich.Lazy and people who slack are those who don’t have enough ambition and thus, they do not deserve to be successful entrepreneurs.

The Code Of Ethics Of The Society Of Professional Journalists

The Code of Ethics of the Society of Professional Journalists is organized around fourth principles: to seek the truth and report it; to minimize harm; to act independently, and to be accountable. Each of them considers a list of normative guidelines to orient the ethical decision-making process within a newsroom. In any case, the SPS’ orientations are framed by a utilitarian approach to ethics: Due to the voluntary character of the code, the Code attempts to advising more than requiring and, in that sense, the recommended procedures and activities in which journalists should engage to accomplish an ethical work are oriented to journalists as individuals instead of a collective. In fact, and just as an example, the advices to accomplish journalistic independence include avoiding all kinds of membership, because it could to â€Å"damage credibility† (p. 10). So, it is up to each journalist to act correctly in order to achieve an ethical performance. In that frame, if one by one, journalists do their job ethically, the society would enjoy an ethical journalism as a whole. In order to apply this instrument in a practical way, these prescriptive recommendations can be turned into questions. Doing so, a checklist will be on hand to test if a deception strategy fits ethically in a journalistic production. For example, within the â€Å"Minimize harm† aim, a journalist can ask himself: Are the juvenile suspects identified in my article/story? Are this story and the way in which I amShow MoreRelatedCodes Of Ethics From Different Fields966 Words   |  4 PagesI chose three codes of ethics from different fields. The fields are; 1. Society of professional journalists http://www.spj.org/ethicscode.asp 2. Australian Computer society http://courses.cs.vt.edu/~cs3604/lib/WorldCodes/Australia.Code.html 3. 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Smog Pollution Control Of Los Angeles Essay - 1447 Words

It is well known that for decades the city of Los Angeles has had some of the worst air pollution in the country. There would be days where the smog would be so thick that people were forced to stay indoors due to the health risks. In the late 1940’s Los Angeles established the Air Pollution Control District. It was the first in the nation. Since then there have been stricter regulations and laws passed to help reduce Los Angeles smog problem. Though Los Angeles has reduced its air pollution by nearly a third of what it was, it is still one of the nation worst air polluters. It has not met the Environmental Protection Agency’s acceptable levels of air pollutant. Photochemical smog is the main reason behind the air pollution in Los Angeles, but there are many parts of photochemical smog that make it so harmful. Photochemical smog develops from two main sources: sunlight and the emission from combustible engines. What are emitted from the incomplete combustion are carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxide, sulfur oxide, volatile organic compounds (VOC’s) and very fine particulate matter. When nitrogen oxide reacts with sunlight, it creates ground level ozone, O3. Ozone in the upper atmosphere does is very beneficial and shields us from ultra violet rays. At ground level, ozone can cause damage to the respiratory system and cardiac problems. Carbon monoxide binds to red blood cells and prevents them from absorbing oxygen and can stay in your system for days. VOC’s can be an eyes, noseShow MoreRelatedSources of Pollution and Their Effect1081 Words   |  4 PagesAir pollution used to be a natural occurrence that had no major effects on the Earths inhabitants. Such instances were caused by forest fires, emission from the Earth, and volcanoes. It was not until humans discovered how to start and control fire that we started over polluting the planet. 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Benefits of Hosting Olympics Free Essays

The Olympic Games first started at Olympia in Greece in 776 BC. At that time, the games held were organized into festivals. There was a peace agreement called the scared truce between the city-states of Elis and Pisa. We will write a custom essay sample on Benefits of Hosting Olympics or any similar topic only for you Order Now The reasons for hosting the Olympic Games at that time fall into three obvious aspects —— the honour of competing, the opportunity for trade and also, for peace. The reason why cities bid to hold the Olympics now are more complicated than in ancient time. But the main reasons remain the same. Cities may bid to host the Olympics to raise their International status by opening a door to the whole world, boost their economy, and enrich their culture and so on. All in all, cities want to promote the pace of their development by holding such a big event like the Olympics. Cities also have high expectations about the legacy benefits of the Games. Some of the main benefits will be identified later in this article. However, the benefits that are claimed in relation to hosting the Olympic Games are hard to measure. Those main benefits will be evaluated by taking the 2000 Sydney Olympic Games for instance. The legacy benefits of the Olympic Games can be indentified through four aspects —— political, economical, environmental and as the Olympic Games is a big sporting event, the last one should be sport. Politics had no place in the ancient games. The event was made possible in part by a truce that allowed visitors and competitors to travel to Olympia safely. During the truce there was no war, no executions, and no military action. However, although it is claimed that the modern Olympics have nothing to do with the political, many countries bid to host the Olympic Games for many political reasons under different circumstance. The best example to examine the relationship between sport and politics was the two German states during the cold war between 1945 and the early 1970s, in which period the two German states competed to host the Olympic Games in order to establish their own political authority. (Hughes, Owen, 2009). The 1972 Munich (Germany) Games was no doubt a good stage to show the rebuild Germany after the war. The Olympic Games are somehow a stage to relief the political conflicts and help the host cities change their International image. In terms of economy, it is the most important area when talking about the benefits of the Olympic Games. Cities always have high expectations to develop their economy after hosting the Olympics. Although the 1980 Moscow Olympics left a great amount of debt to the host city, the 1984 Los Angeles Olympic recovered people’s confidence. Matthewman (2009) indentified the legacy benefits of the Olympics’ economy benefits were included media exposure, employment and education training, infrastructure improving, increased trade, new investment and housing. However, the economic benefits of the Olympic Games are obviously much more than Matthewman described. There is a similar report printed by Price Waterhouse Coopers (2004) claimed that the long-term economy benefits would include: A. Improvement of city productivity (e. g. better transportation) B. Cultivate the city’s management ability to deal with International event. C. Olympic-related trade. D. Media exposure. E. New investment and more job opportunities. F. Training project. G. Tourism industry Another benefit of the Olympics could be the improvement of city environment. After the International Olympic Committee (IOC) make the environment the third strand in 1994, cities have made their efforts to deliver cleaner and greener Games. The eco-friendly event made the sustainable development theory spread all over the world. The Olympic Games make a good contribution to arousing the awareness of protecting our environment which could be beneficial to the whole human society. As the Olympic Games combined different sporting event, it is most closely related to sports in the host cities. Firstly, the sports infrastructure could be improved as cities want to hold the Olympics. This improvement can have a good impact on their athels’ training conditions, sports watching industries and provide their citizens of more sports sources. Secondly, a big sporting event can arouse people’s interest in sport. Additionally, it is good for promoting sport in the host cities as a guide to develop a health living style among its citizens. This is good for citizens’ health and their quality of life. To evaluate these benefits, the 2000 Sydney Olympic Games can be a good example. According to Cashman (2002), the Olympic Games would help the host cities acquire high international reputation in terms of politics. As Australia has a history of its nation conflicts between local residents and emigrations, the 2000 Sydney Olympic did not be supported by their citizens. However, the Olympic organisers came up with many ideas especially by designed a long-distance torch relay program in order to unit the people. This excellent torch relay project which included 11,000runners, successfully changed people’s attitude and built a conception that the 2000 Sydney Olympic is not just about Sydney, it is about Australia as a whole(Haynes, 2001). The economic benefits of the 2000 Sydney Olympic Games are hardly measured because there are so many potential areas for long-term impact. However, a 2001 Price Waterhouse Coopers report showed that Sydney has benefited from the 2000 Olympic Games a large amount of profits, which included about $3 billion from new business, $7. billion was injected for infrastructure and promoting business of New South Wales, more than $6 billion from tourism and opening their door to attract International business projects. (Matthewman, 2009) In other words, the Sydney Games had not only gained more investments and improved the city’s infrastructure; it also developed the industry of tourism and gave the ability to manage large projects. The 2000 Sydney Olympi c Games was the first time the idea of the â€Å"Green Games† was adopted. Sydney had come up with five strategies before bidding to host the Olympic Games —— save energy, save water, reduce rubbish, prevent pollution and protect the natural environment (Cashman, 2002). As the benefits on environment are difficult to identify in a short period of time, it is not likely to attribute the environmental improvement to the â€Å"Green Olympic Game† only. However, the eco-friendly idea will surely make great contribute to the city’s environment. People’s awareness was established after the â€Å"Green Game†, and it was becoming more and more popular that individuals started to take environment their own responsibility. Sport itself has obviously benefited from the Games. Firstly, the Olympic Games appeared to contribute to the sports infrastructure. Sydney had built the high-level sport facilities which combined technology and art to host the events. These sports infrastructures would improve the athletes’ training conditions and provide large sports events among counties as well. Secondly, the Sydney Olympic Games tend to arouse local people’s interest in participating sports activities. The Sweeney Sport Report 2000/2001 showed there was a significant increasing trend of sports on TV viewing. According to Haynets’s (2001) report, it is claimed that this raised participation might also lead to some other benefits, such as heath and economic. However, it is hard to know whether the citizens’ interests can last for a long time. To conclude, cities bid to host the Olympic Games for their better developments. The Olympic Games have a great impact on many areas of the hosting cities, which obviously are not restricted to the four aspects above. The benefits of host cities can gain from the Games are quite different and difficult to measure. The 2000 Sydney Olympic Games are a good example because it has won a high reputation for its successes. However, as there are always diverse proposals in different cities toward hosting the Olympics, it is important to have a detailed plan before both bidding and hosting the Games and reasonable expectations. Reference list Jill Hatnes(2001) ‘Social –economic impact of the Sydney 2000 Olympic Games’. International Chair in Olympic, Centre d’Estudies Olympics (UAB). 2001 from http://olympicstudies. uab. es/pdf/od013_eng. pdf Price Waterhouse Coopers (2004) ‘The economic impact of the Olympic Games’. European Economic Outlook, June, p. 18-19 Richard Cashman(2002) ‘Impact of the Games on Olympic host cities’. International Chair in Olympic, Centre d’Estudies Olympics (UAB). 2002 from http://olympicstudies. uab. es/lec/pdf/cashman. pdf Richard Matthewman(2009) ‘Economic impacts of Olympic Games’. July, 2009 from http://maasterpieces. com/Documents/Economic%20Impacts%20of%20Olympic%20Games. pdf R. Gerald Hughes, Rachel J. Owen (2009) ‘The Continuation of Politics by Other Means’: Britain, the Two Germanys and the Olympic Games, 1949–1972’. Contemporary European History, 18(4), pp. 443-474. How to cite Benefits of Hosting Olympics, Papers

Understand Personality Structure Clinical -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Understand Personality Structure Clinical? Answer: Introducation Personality is defined as the combination of traits or characteristics that create a persons distinct character; it is the visible aspect of an individuals character which impresses others. In other words, personality is referred as a set of emotional qualities or method of behaving in certain situations that differentiate a person from others (Kim, Hon Lee, 2010). This essay will focus on different theoretical arguments provided by experts on peoples personalities. Many experts have given several personalities theories within psychology in order to explain different ideas about how a persons personality develops and what factors contribute to personalitys development. In recent years, management focus on analysing and learning about their employees personalities since it assists in establishing a positive working environment. Managers implement organisational behaviour theories in the corporation which assist them in motivating employees by evaluating their personalities that assis t in increasing their productive performance. This essay will compare and contrast various theoretical arguments given by an expert on peoples personalities in an organisation. Further, the essay will evaluate how managers can use this information to establish a positive working environment in the enterprise and increase employees productive performance. There are several personality types in an organisation which influence the behaviour of employees; managers focus on influencing workers behaviour by assessing their personality traits and use them to their advantage. One of the most popular theories of personality is provided by Sigmund Freud called Psychodynamic theory. This theory provides that personality is the basic structure of id, ego, and superego. As per Freud, these factors unconsciously impact personality traits, and they are developed at the early childhood stage (McWilliams, 2011). The id or Instinctive drives part of the brain is completely unconscious, whereas, ego and superego are both conscious and unconscious parts. The id includes factors such as food, sex, aggression and others, and they are influenced by early childhood influences, especially by parents. First five years of children early childhood has a significant influence on their personality, and it is largely affected by their parents behaviour. Similarly, Freud provided that manager is subordinates parent figure, and they can be good or bad depending on how manager perceived the situation. The employees who idealise their manager are more likely to be sensitive to criticism, therefore, they should be treated differently during a performance review that other subordinates who did not have any issue with constructive criticism (McLeod, 2017). Unlike Freuds psychodynamic theory, the Biological theory of personality provides that genetics are responsible for personality traits of people. The biological theory of personality contradicts Freuds theory which provides that nurturing influence a persons personality such as parenting or early childhood experiences, whereas, the biological theory provides that natural factors such as genetics influence a person personality traits. The study conducted on heritability suggested that there is a link between personality traits and genetics (Cuncic, 2017). Hans Eysenck provided that personality has a direct link with biological processes. For example, employees with introvert personality had high cortical arousal which assists in leading them to avoid stimulation. However, extrovert employees, on the other hand, had low cortical arousal that causes them to seek out stimulating experiences (Lewin, 2013). Although, many experts have provided that biological theory did not have any influe nce on Big five personality traits which include operations, extraversion, conscientiousness, neuroticism, and agreeableness. But, recent studies have suggested that biological factors might influence this model as well (Selfhout, Burk, Branje, Denissen, Van Aken Meeus, 2010). Therefore, this theory provides that managers have to assess their employees personality and assign them jobs accordingly because their personality traits are natural and it is difficult to influence them by external factors. The Freuds psychodynamic theory is a part of behavioural theories of personality, whereas, the biological theory is opposite of behavioural theories. Similarly, there are various traits theories provided by experts which are based on personality qualities analysis. These theories are used by managers to study employees personality in a corporation which assists in implementing appropriate organisational behaviour theories. Traits are defined as habitual part of a persons emotions, thoughts, and behaviour (Ryckman, 2012). These theories provide that personality factors remain stable over time,f and they are different for each individual, for example, some employees are extroverts who are good at handling supervision tasks whereas introvert employees prefer desk jobs. Each person has a unique set of skills which differentiate it from others, and managers measure these personality characteristics to implement appropriate organisational behaviour theories. Hans Eysenck is one of the most famous British psychologists; he provided that there are two key dimensions of a personality, which includes extroversion and introversion that account for all the other personalities. Extroversion personality people are loud and outgoing whereas introversion personality people are quiet and reserved (Eysenck, 2012). This theory is similar to the biological theory of personality since it provided that people primarily divided into two categories: extroverts and introverts. Just as the biological theory of personality, this theory provides that extrovert employees have low arousal level whereas introvert workers have high arousal level. Gordon Allport was among the first ever psychologist who provided personality based trait. His theory is different from Eysenck theory who divided personality into two key dimensions, whereas, Allport theory provide that there are more than four thousand words in English dictionary which define personality traits. He divided traits into three key parts: cardinal, central and secondary (Chen, Yang, Chen, Tseng Lee, 2013). Cardinal traits are developed later in life, and they influence a persons decision key life decision such as kindness, greed, narcissism or lust. Central traits are major characteristics of a persons that leads to creating their personality such as anxious, intelligent, or shy. Secondary traits are the general behaviour of a person that only appears in specific situations such as getting nervous while p ublically speaking (Ickes Knowles, 2012). The traits theories assist managers in implementing appropriate organisational behaviour theory, for example, the manager can implement Personality-Job Fit theory during the recruitment process which assists them in analysing a job candidates traits and assign him post accordingly. Social Learning Theory of personality given by Alan Bandura is another popular theory of personality which is used by managers in order to influence their employees personalities to increase their performance. Bandura agrees with the classical conditioning and operant conditioning behaviourist theories, but he further provided new principles which include mediating process and observational learning. The theory provides that employees imitate the behaviour qualities of people around them, and they respond to punishment and reinforcement (McLeod, 2016). Unlike Freuds psychodynamic theory and Biological theory of personality, Social learning theory provides that the actions of managers can change the personality of an employee. Managers can implement policies of reinforcement, punishment or motivation which assist in changing employees personalities and increase their productive performance (McCleskey, 2014). Freuds psychodynamic theory and Biological theory of personality provide that managers cannot change personality, instead, workers should be assign jobs based on their personality and policies should be made accordingly to achieve maximum productivity. Whereas, Social learning theory provides that personality of an employee is influenced by several external factors and managers can implement policies to influence their productive performance positively. In recent years, the role of personality theories has grown substantially in corporations because each company focuses on gaining a competitive advantage over its customers. Employees are considered as crucial assets for modern corporations and managers focus on increasing their productive performance by providing them appropriate incentives (Li, Liang Crant, 2010). Managers use personality theories to understand their employees attitude and use such information to implement various organisational behaviour theories. For example, Freuds Psychodynamic theory can assist managers in implementing the appropriate motivational theory in the organisation because it assists them in analysing which employee will prefer monetary or non-monetary rewards (Korsgaard, Meglino, Lester Jeong, 2010). The Social Learning theory provides them managers should implement a positive and challenging organisational environment which will influence employees to increase their productive performance. In conclusion, modern corporations use personality theories which assist managers in implementing effective organisational behaviour theories which provide them a competitive advantage. Various experts have given different personality theories based on different key aspects such as biological, behavioural, or traits. Managers use various personality theories while performing business activities such as Freuds Psychodynamic theory, Eysenck Personality Traits theory, Social Learning theory, Allport Personality Traits theory, the Biological theory of personality, and many others. These theories provide necessary employees behaviour information to managers that assist them in implementing different organisational behaviour theories for different business functions such as motivating employees, establishing a positive working environment or many others. Modern corporations should effectively implement organisational theories based on employees personalities since it provides them a compet itive advantage and sustains their future growth. References Chen, C. W., Yang, H. C., Chen, C. H., Tseng, C. P., Lee, K. L. (2013). Retracted: The Relationship between Personality Traits and Sales Force Automation Usage: A Review of Methodology.Human Factors and economics in Manufacturing Service Industries,23(4), 294-305. Cuncic, A. (2017). What Are the Genetic Causes of Social Anxiety Disorder?. Retrieved from https://www.verywell.com/what-are-the-genetic-causes-of-social-anxiety-disorder-3024457 Eysenck, H. J. (Ed.). (2012).A model for personality. Berlin: Springer Science Business Media. Ickes, W., Knowles, E. S. (Eds.). (2012).Personality, roles, and social behavior. Berlin: Springer Science Business Media. Kim, T. Y., Hon, A. H., Lee, D. R. (2010). Proactive personality and employee creativity: The effects of job creativity requirement and supervisor support for creativity.Creativity Research Journal,22(1), 37-45. Korsgaard, M. A., Meglino, B. M., Lester, S. W., Jeong, S. S. (2010). Paying you back or paying me forward: understanding rewarded and unrewarded organizational citizenship behavior.Journal of Applied Psychology,95(2), 277. Lewin, K. (2013).A dynamic theory of personality-selected papers. Worcestershire: Read Books Ltd. Li, N., Liang, J., Crant, J. M. (2010). The role of proactive personality in job satisfaction and organizational citizenship behavior: a relational perspective.Journal of applied psychology,95(2), 395. McCleskey, J. A. (2014). Situational, transformational, and transactional leadership and leadership development.Journal of Business Studies Quarterly,5(4), 117. McLeod, S. (2016). Bandura - Social Learning Theory. Retrieved from https://www.simplypsychology.org/bandura.html McLeod, S. (2017). Theory of Personality. Retrieved from https://www.simplypsychology.org/personality-theories.html McWilliams, N. (2011). psychology diagnosis: Understanding personality structure in the clinical process. New York City: Guilford Press. Ryckman, R. M. (2012).Theories of personality. Boston: Cengage Learning. Selfhout, M., Burk, W., Branje, S., Denissen, J., Van Aken, M., Meeus, W. (2010). Emerging late adolescent friendship networks and Big Five personality traits: A social network approach.Journal of personality,78(2), 509-538.